@@ Linha 1: / Linha 1: @@
-https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4oODs34mEPY
-https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LEx0gpssC1k
-http://www.bbc.com/news/business-39735802
-https://www.irphe.fr/~clanet/otherpaperfile/articles/SadiCarnot/N0029063_PDF_1_130.pdf
-/b/ o texto em inglês, traduzido por William Thomson, Lord Kelvin:
-http://www3.nd.edu/~powers/ame.20231/carnot1897.pdf
-http://porvir.org/quando-escola-empresa-jovem-nao-se-entendem/20130604/
-WSC2013 Refrigeration and Air Conditioning 1
-https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cmOwxIq16yk&spfreload=10
-https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gyNZiudZuek&spfreload=10
-http://www.hooverassociation.org/hoover/speeches/engineering_as_a_profession.php
-Segue em anexo uma justa homenagem prestada ao estimado professor, pelos colegas da ASHRAE.
-https://ia700702.us.archive.org/8/items/PrinciplesOfRefrigeration/Dossat-PrinciplesOfRefrigeration.pdf
-http://soneryesilgoz.com.tr/www/soneryesilgoz.com.tr/Dosyalar/REFRIGERATION.pdf
-http://www.inovacaotecnologica.com.br/noticias/noticia.php?artigo=armazenar-o-vento-tecnologias-merecem-levadas-serio&id=010115151124&ebol=sim#.VliiuHarSM8
-http://www.inovacaotecnologica.com.br/noticias/noticia.php?artigo=armazenar-vento-bateria-organica&id=010115151125&ebol=sim#.VliioHarSM8
-http://www.inovacaotecnologica.com.br/noticias/noticia.php?artigo=armazenar-vento-bateria-fluxo-termica&id=010115151126&ebol=sim#.VliinXarSM8
-http://www.inovacaotecnologica.com.br/noticias/noticia.php?artigo=armazenar-vento-bateria-organica-agua&id=010115151127&ebol=sim#.VliimHarSM8
-Z:\Diversos\Aulas Multimídia\Commercial Refrigeration - Dick Wirz
-um conjunto completo de apresentações em PPT sobre o tema refrigeração comercial. São apresentações disponibilizadas no seguinte livro:
-http://www.cengage.com.br/ls/refrigeracao-comercial-para-tecnicos-em-ar-condicionado-traducao-da-2a-edicao-norte-americana/
-https://www.renewables.ninja/
-https://techxplore.com/news/2016-09-tool-renewable-energy-output-world.html
-http://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_201611/#/34
-https://mail.google.com/mail/u/0/#search/boabaid%40ifsc.edu.br/1577be1a411fb3b5?compose=15dbe7798d9fa8d8
-http://www.unitconverters.net/
-http://www.achrnews.com/articles/134048-addressing-common-hvac-safety-missteps
-https://mail.google.com/mail/u/0/#search/boabaid%40ifsc.edu.br/158f4410206fbcee?compose=15dbe72feb1276ac
-https://youtu.be/f0Mou5ApxKc
-educacao@chapeco.sc.gov.br
-https://www.secop.com/solutions/compressor-qa-tools/compressor-service/
-Prezados colegas engenheiros do Grupo Ashrae-Brasil, bom dia.
-Sugiro que leiam o importante e esclarecedor trabalho jurídico do Dr. Sidney de Oliveira, com a colaboração da Dra. Thais M. L. do Carmo (em anexo, “Projeto Executivo"), que passo a vocês com a devida autorização dos autores.
-Acredito que esse documento possa trazer luz à discussão sobre o tratamento técnico e legal que deveríamos dar aos projetos de ar condicionado.
-http://www.flir.com.br/home/news/details/?ID=71611
-https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qtEDSV5t3z8
-http://www.achrnews.com/articles/134215-why-r-32-may-be-the-refrigerant-of-the-future
-http://ww1.fourstepsresearch.com/data-visualization/8-tips-better-data-visuals/
-http://www.automacaoindustrial.info/autodesk-libera-autocad-inventor-maya-e-outros-softwares-gratuitamente-para-estudantes/
-*****************************************************************************************************
-Encaminho a seguir um levantamento que fiz sobre aplicativos computacionais para psicrometria:
-(a) só cálculo de propriedades:
-- http://www.kwangu.com/work/psychrometric.htm
-- http://www.sugartech.com/psychro/index.php
-- http://www.hvac-calculator.net/index.php?v=2
-- http://efficientcomfort.net/
-- http://efficientcomfort.net/calculators/
-- http://efficientcomfort.net/asp/PsychroCoilCalc_Web/PsychroCoilCalc_Web.asp
-- http://www.uigi.com/WebPsycH.html
-(b) propriedades e processos psicrométricos
-- http://www.flycarpet.net/en/psyonline  (muito bom, dá para simular processos e o ciclo completo)
-- http://www.greenheck.com/content/view/software_psychrometric?ref=software
-Diretório com links para várias fontes:
-http://www.handsdownsoftware.com/downloads.htm
-Second conference CONSOLFOOD, 22nd, 23rd and 24th January, 2018
-Instituto Superior de Engenharia, Universidade do Algarve, Campus da Penha, 8005-139 Faro-Portugal.
-Dear Solar Friend,                                                                                                                         Faro, 29 April 2017
-The Second International Conference for solar thermal cooking and food processing - CONSOLFOOD2018 is being planned for 22nd, 23rd and 24th January, 2018 at the University of Algarve in the city of Faro in Portugal.
-It is expected that the second conference will again attract experts from all over the world to present and discuss topics related to advances in solar food processing and solar cooking. Oral sessions, keynote lectures, a round table discussion, and a poster session are being planned.
-The organizers encourage potential participants to submit abstracts in the first submission period before 4th June, 2017. The abstract must mention clearly the main topics of the presentation or poster. The abstracts will be assessed by the members of the scientific committee. The organizing committee will inform each author whether their submitted abstract has been accepted. A template for writing the abstract and more details about the conference can be found at conference website www.consolfood.org  . Abstracts should be sent by e-mail to the organizers (Celestino Ruivo: cruivo@ualg.pt and Bernhard Müller: bs_mueller@gmx.net).
-Please help us to publicise CONSOLFOOD2018 as widely as possible by forwarding this message to anyone who might be interested.
-We will be delighted to welcome you to the University of Algarve for our second solar cooking and food processing conference - CONSOLFOOD2018.
-Best regards
-Celestino Ruivo, ISE - University of Algarve, Portugal
-CONSOLFOOD 2018 (Chairman)
-PS: I apologise if you receive this email  two or more times.
-If you are not interesting in receiving messages related with this conference or other solar cooking events please reply with word “ REMOVE” in the subject line.
-Questions and Answers About R-22a Safety
-. What is R-22a?
-R-22a, also known as 22a refrigerant, is a hydrocarbon refrigerant blend, with primary components including flammable substances such as propane and butane; in some cases, it may also contain small amounts of other hydrocarbons or a pine-scented odorant. This refrigerant is a highly flammable, colorless gas that is heavier than air.
-. What are the potential safety risks of R-22a?
-Because R-22a is flammable, it can burn or explode if there is enough product concentrated in one space and the refrigerant comes in contact with an ignition source.
-. Has EPA determined whether R-22a can be used safely as a refrigerant in air-conditioning equipment designed for use with HCFC-22?
-EPA recently issued a proposed rule that would list refrigerant products sold as 22a and all refrigerants identified as flammability Class 3 in ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34–2013 as unacceptable for retrofitting residential and light commercial AC and heat pumps—unitary split AC systems and heat pumps—that is, for use with existing central air conditioning systems. EPA will review the comments received on the proposal before deciding whether to issue a final determination.
-For more information, see SNAP Rule 21.
-and EPA’s Significant New Alternatives Policy (SNAP) Program
-R-22 is an ozone-depleting refrigerant which has been widely used in home air conditioning systems and its supply is now being phased out in response to the Montreal Protocol. EPA reviews health, safety, and environmental impacts of refrigerants through its Significant New Alternatives Policy (SNAP) program, which evaluates and regulates substitutes for the ozone-depleting chemicals that are being phased out under the stratospheric ozone protection provisions of the Clean Air Act (CAA). In Section 612(c) of the CAA, the Agency is authorized to identify and publish lists of acceptable and unacceptable substitutes.
-. Is it legal to sell R-22a for use as a refrigerant in air-conditioning equipment designed for use with HCFC-22?
-No. R-22a has not been submitted to EPA for review under the SNAP program. The CAA and EPA’s regulations prohibit the introduction into interstate commerce of substitutes that have not been submitted to EPA for review under 40 CFR 82.176(a).
-. What actions is EPA taking against the illegal use of R-22a?
-EPA cannot comment on any specific enforcement actions that it may be undertaking or that are in the early stages of investigation. However, EPA has settled with companies over allegations of illegal activity regarding the sale of R-22a as a refrigerant and will continue to take enforcement actions where appropriate. Some examples of past enforcement actions include:
-EnviroSafe (2015)
-In a settlement with EPA, Enviro-Safe Refrigerants, Inc., of Pekin, Illinois, agreed to pay a $300,000 civil penalty and cease marketing and sale of unapproved flammable hydrocarbon refrigerants as substitutes for ozone-depleting substances. Enviro-Safe allegedly violated Clean Air Act requirements through the marketing and sale of three flammable hydrocarbon refrigerant products, HC-12a, HC-22a and HC-502a, as substitutes for ozone-depleting substances without providing the requisite information to EPA for review and approval.
-Northcutt (2016)
-In a settlement with EPA, Northcutt, Inc., of Wichita, Kansas, agreed to discontinue domestic marketing and sales of unapproved flammable hydrocarbon refrigerants as substitutes for an ozone-depleting substitute, send a warning letter to past domestic purchasers of the substitutes, and pay a $100,000 civil penalty. Northcutt allegedly violated Clean Air Act requirements through the marketing and sale of two flammable hydrocarbon refrigerant products, ES 22a and ES 502a, as substitutes for ozone-depleting substances without providing the requisite information to EPA for review and approval.
-. Has EPA identified other flammable hydrocarbons or blends that can be safely used in air-conditioning equipment designed for use with HCFC-22?
-No. EPA has not found any flammable hydrocarbon refrigerants acceptable for use in existing air-conditioning systems designed for use with HCFC-22. Use of flammable refrigerants as a retrofit in equipment that was designed for nonflammable materials presents risks to consumers, equipment, and service technicians who may not be prepared for handling flammable refrigerants. Further, EPA is aware that in some cases, use of flammable refrigerants to replace materials used by the manufacturer in the equipment’s original charge will void the warranty.
-EPA has prohibited the use of Hydrocarbon Blend A (sold under the name OZ-12®) and Hydrocarbon Blend B (sold under the names DURACOOL 12a® and HC-12a®) in air-conditioning systems, and has recently proposed to do the same for “22a” and “R-22a” in existing central air conditioning systems. These refrigerants have never been submitted to EPA for the required health, safety, and environmental review and are not approved for use in air-conditioning systems.
-. Which refrigerants are allowed to be used in air-conditioning systems for air-conditioning equipment designed for use with HCFC-22?
-The list of acceptable refrigerants for use in home air conditioning is available at this link: Acceptable Substitutes in Household and Light Commercial Air Conditioning. You can find EPA’s lists of acceptable refrigerants for other uses here.
-. Has EPA identified other flammable hydrocarbons or blends that can be used safely as refrigerants in new refrigeration and air-conditioning equipment?
-The Agency has not found hydrocarbon refrigerants acceptable for use in refrigeration and air-conditioning equipment that were originally made for a different, non-flammable refrigerant. However, EPA has listed a number of flammable hydrocarbon refrigerants or refrigerant blends as acceptable substitutes for use in various types of new refrigeration and air-conditioning equipment. EPA notes that the listings for household and commercial refrigerators and freezers and room air conditioning units  apply only to new equipment that was specifically designed to be used with that refrigerant.
-EPA expects the list of acceptable substitutes, including flammable hydrocarbon refrigerants or hydrocarbon refrigerant blends, to expand. The current lists of acceptable refrigerants for use in refrigeration and air conditioning can be found in the Refrigeration and Air Conditioning section.
-These determinations were based on detailed assessments of the risks posed by each flammable refrigerant in the particular application or type of equipment to be used. In addition, in many instances EPA’s regulations adopt the results of safety reviews by industry standards-setting bodies as mandatory use conditions. Thus, EPA’s rules further reduce risk by setting requirements for the amount of refrigerant used, design and testing of equipment, and warning labels, among other things.
-Beware of the R-22a Alternative Refrigerant
-As everyone knows R-22 was phased out in 2010, production was scaled back in 2015, and it will be completely phased out in 2020. With these phase outs occurring over the past five years the price of R-22 Refrigerant has sky rocketed to right at about three hundred dollars for a thirty pound cylinder. With that high of a price point there is bound to be opportunity for profit. Well, a few refrigerant manufacturing/distributing companies started marketing an alternative to R-22 called R-22a.
-Now, it’s called R-22a, but what it really is R-290… or propane. You know, the stuff you use on your grill to light the FIRE for your burgers. Now propane as a refrigerant isn’t a new idea, in fact it’s being used in various applications outside of the United States. The Problem being these old units that take R-22 are not being retro-fitted to take R-290. The companies pushing this product are advertizing it as a direct replacement for R-22. No retrofitting needed. So, you can begin to see a problem here. The machine is not meant to take propane but yet we’re just dumping it in and hoping for the best.
-The appeal of R-22a is the price. I did a quick Google search and found some R22a being sold on E-bay for $119.00 a jug. Now that’s quite the difference compared to the $295-$330 a jug you would pay for a cylinder of R22. E-Bay shows you how many have been recently sold and I can see by glancing at it that there were fifty five units sold in recent weeks. This is disheartening as the consumer is not only purchasing the wrong refrigerant but they are also putting themselves in harms way. In case you were wondering, propane has a high flammability rate. Especially if it is being used in an improper application. It’s a recipe for disaster, especially for a laymen.
-The Environmental Protection Agency
-Last year the EPA put out a press release stating this very danger of using R-22a. (The release can be found here.) The press release pretty much says what I said above. The EPA has NOT approved the R22a to be used in R-22 built machines. If the EPA has not approved the alternative refrigerant through their SNAP program then a company who sells that product is in violation of the Federal Clean Air Act. (Trust me, you don’t want to do that!)
-The EPA has been going after violators that are selling R-22a over the past couple years. I did a little digging and found a few examples of formal notifications sent to two different companies:
-Northcutt Inc – Wichita, KS
-I didn’t hear much about this in the news, so this must have been settled pretty quietly.
-Enviro-Safe Refrigerants – Perkins, IL
-Just last month Enviro-Safe refrigerants was fined $300,000 for violating the clean air act by selling non-approved hydrocarbons. (R-22a being one of them. ) I wrote about this last month as well and the article can be found here. Enviro-Safe claimed that they were in the right and did not violate any laws.
-One other thing to complicate matters even more is that earlier this year the EPA’s SNAP program approved new alternative refrigerants for use. One of those alternative refrigerants was none other than R-290. (Propane) So, now it CAN be used legally, but with the below catch:
-“This refrigerant may be used only in new equipment specifically designed and clearly identified for the refrigerant–i.e., none of these substitutes may be used as a conversion or “retrofit” refrigerant for existing equipment” (Source)
-Confused yet? To put it simply, R-290 or R-22a can be sold and used on NEW units, but if a company is caught actively selling/targeting the old R-22 units they would be in violation of the Clean Air Act and will have the wrath of the federal goverment coming down on them. Just ask Enviro-Safe refrigerants if you don’t believe me!
-Conclusion
-I’m sure that most trained technicians and companies are not falling for the R-22a trap and jumping at the lower cost and potential savings. This article is mainly targeted towards the do it yourselfers who are looking to purchase refrigerant for a small job. Putting in R-22a in your R-22 unit can be costly. Not only with potential total loss of your unit but it could also cause property damage due to an unintended explosion or it could even cause bodily harm/death. Doesn’t seem like it’ worth saving a couple hundred bucks.
-I’m not a fan of big government. Never have been. But, I believe that the EPA is in the right here. I find it ridiculous that I can go on E-Bay right now and buy myself a cylinder of R-22a and have it at my doorstep in a couple days. You think the EPA would be watching for this online and be contacting E-Bay or the seller with a cease and desist.  Maybe they are, and they are just building their case. Who knows.
-In the mean time keep your eye out and if you see R-22a being marketed stay far away. It’s not worth the safety risk or the EPA risk.
-Thanks for reading,
-Alec Johnson
-Owner.
-https://www.fea.unicamp.br/fea/
-Encaminho levantamento sobre softwares para simulação de sistemas de refrigeração. São todos gratuitos:
-/1/ DuPont DUPREX: bem fácil de utilizar, inclusive pelos alunos:
-- https://www.chemours.com/Refrigerants/en_US/products/DUPREX/DUPREX.html
-/2/ IPU Coolpack:
-- http://www.en.ipu.dk/Indhold/refrigeration-and-energy-technology/coolpack.aspx
-outros softwares da IPU:
-- http://www.en.ipu.dk/Indhold/refrigeration-and-energy-technology/downloads.aspx
-/3/ Danfoss Coolselector:
-permite o dimensionamento de componentes:
-- http://www.danfoss.us/newsstories/rc/coolselector2-new-and-improved-selection-software/?ref=17179905130#/
-outros softwares Danfoss:
-- http://refrigerationandairconditioning.danfoss.com/support-center/apps-and-software/software/#/
-https://crispassinato.files.wordpress.com/2016/03/osbotoesdenapoleao-140222075916-phpapp02.pdf
-Área de anexos
-Visualizar o vídeo Personal Air Conditioning Vests do YouTube
-Personal Air Conditioning Vests
-Visualizar o vídeo Vortec PACs (Personal Air Conditioners) do YouTube
-Vortec PACs (Personal Air Conditioners)
-Visualizar o vídeo WSC2013 Refrigeration and Air Conditioning 2 do YouTube
-WSC2013 Refrigeration and Air Conditioning 2
-Visualizar o vídeo WSC2013 Refrigeration and Air Conditioning 1 do YouTube
-WSC2013 Refrigeration and Air Conditioning 1
-Visualizar o vídeo Instalação de equipamentos de climatização SPLITs passo a passo 2 - LEDIS São José - IFSC do YouTube
-Instalação de equipamentos de climatização SPLITs passo a passo 2 - LEDIS São José - IFSC
-Visualizar o vídeo FLIR MR176: Imaging Moisture Meter Plus with IGM do YouTube
-MO - óleo mineral
-AB - óleo tipo Alquilbenzeno
-POE - óleo tipo Poliol-éster
-PAO - Polialfaolefina
-PAG - polialquileno Glicol
-Bom site de referência: http://www.oleoparacompressor.com.br/site/
-https://www.epa.gov/snap/refrigeration-and-air-conditioning
-https://software.nasa.gov/
-Encaminho links para os sites dos fabricantes que estavam presentes no ENTRAC. Muitas informações e produtos interessantes. Vale a pena dar uma olhada.
-/a/ Armacell: (http://www.armacell.com.br/)
-Materiais de isolamento térmico e acústico, acessórios  e ferramentas para montagem
-/b/ emb-papst (http://www.ebmpapst.com.br/pt_br/)
-Linha de ventiladores, com tecnologia de motor de rotor externo, motores EC (eletronicamente comutados) com imã permanente.
-Interessante os ventiladores com sensor diferencial de pressão integrado, capazes de fazer o controle de velocidade automaticamente.
-/c/ Danfoss: (http://www.danfoss.com.br/)
-Muito interessante a válvula hidrônica de balanceamento, em essência uma válvula mecânica capaz de manter uma vazão constante,
-independentemente da pressão fornecida pela bomba  (https://youtu.be/ZwcY96Mn3Eo) (http://heating.danfoss.com/products/#/)
-/d/ Trox: (http://www.troxbrasil.com.br/)
-Destaque para as soluções de paredes e vigas frias (chilled beams), tecnologias que vem sendo indicadas como as de melhor desempenho energético (associadas a sistemas DOAS)
-/e/ Testo: (https://www.testo.com/pt-BR/)
-Linha de instrumentos para HVAC&R, muito bons.
-/f/ Multivac: (http://www.multivac.com.br/)
-Dutos flexíveis e em MPU (pré-moldados em poliuretano)
-Interessante a solução CFM, sistemas para renovação de ar em ambientes pequenos, compactos, com filtro e ventilador já integrados (http://www.multivac.com.br/crbst_13.html)
-/g/ Epex (http://www.epexind.com.br/home/)
-Dutos PEX (http://www.pexinfo.com/) flexíveis, para instalações hidrônicas (água quente ou gelada)
-/h/ Mercato (http://www.mercatoautomacao.com.br/home.aspx)
-Diversas soluções para automação em HVAC&R
-/i/ MPU:  (http://www.mpu.com.br/)
-Dutos para ar condicionado
-/j/ TOSI (http://www.industriastosi.com.br/)
-Ampla linha de HVAC: linha completa de água gelada (http://www.industriastosi.com.br/index.php/coldex-tosi/), UTA's, trocadores de calor, dutos, acessórios, filtros (http://www.industriastosi.com.br/index.php/tropical-ar-sob-controle/), e linha completa de água quente (http://jellyfish.com.br/).
-/k/ Trefisul (http://www.trefilsul.com.br)
-Ventiladores para várias aplicações.
-/l/ Refrin (http://www.refrin.com.br/thd/index.htm)
-Dutos, acessórios diversos.
-/m/ AirLink (http://www.airlinkfiltros.com.br/)
-Filtros.
-Muito interessante o estudo. Aponta todas as novas tendências em sistemas de climatização:
-Energy Consumption Characteristics of Commercial Building HVAC Systems Volume III: Energy Savings Potential
-http://doas.psu.edu/DOE_report.pdf
-ERV: enthalpy recovery system
-DOAS: dedicated outdoor air system
-DCV: demand-controlled ventilation
-VFS: variable flow systems
-Radiant cooling and heating
-http://blog.feedspot.com/hvac_blogs/
-https://software.nasa.gov/NASA_Software_Catalog_2017-18.pdf
-https://software.nasa.gov/faq
-Área de anexos
-Visualizar o vídeo English: Hydronic Balancing and Control with Danfoss AB-QM do YouTube
-English: Hydronic Balancing and Control with Danfoss AB-QM

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